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January 10, 2006

اسپانيای اسلامی

اين مطلب هم يکی از اون چيزهايه که در حال حاضر ذهنم رو مشغول کرده اند و شايد برای بقيه زياد جالب نباشه، در نتيجه لطفا" زياد خميازه نکشيد! بجاش بريد به وبلاگ انگليسيم و نقدم رو از آلبوم جديد اوهام بخونيد.

خوبی تعطيلات اينه که آدم وقت می کنه کمی به کارها و علاقه های ديگه، جدا از کلاس بپردازه. غير از گشتن و مهمونی رفتن و فيلم ديدن و نظاير اينها، وقتی هم هست برای خوندن کتاب هايی که مستقيما" مربوط به رشته مورد تحقيق آدم هم نيستند.

من هم اين چند وفته بدجور غرق خوندن منابع مختلف در مورد شمال اسپانيا در دوره خلافت اسلامی شده ام. خيلی ها می دونند که حکومت های مختلف اسلامی مدت 700 سال بر بخش های مختلف اسپانيا حکومت کردند و تقريبا" تمام شبه جزيره ايبريا رو تحت کنترل داشتند، تا اينکه از اوايل قرن دوازده ميلادی اشراف مسيحی از شمال اسپانيا شروع به فتح اسپانيا کردند و تا آخر قرن 15 ميلادی، تمام شبه جزيره رو فتح کرده بودند و کشورهای اسپانيا و پرتغال رو تشکيل دادند. قسمتی از اين قضيه رو هم در داستان «ال سيد» می شه ديد، که فيلمش هم ساخته شده!

اطلاعات من هم در همين حد بود، به علاوه اينکه می دونستم در دوران حکومت اسلامی، جامعه اسپانيا خيلی چند مليتی و چند دينی بوده و آدم های مختلف از دين های مختلف درش فعال بودند. اما راستش هيچوقت درست و حسابی در اين مورد مطالعه و تحقيق نکرده بودم.

اين چند وقته اما در مورد شکل گيری حکومت مسيحی «ناوار» در شمال اسپانيا خوندم. ناوار و آستورياس دو حکومتی بودند که برای اولين بار شروع به فتح اسپانيا کردند و اخلاف سانچو سوم، پادشاه ناوار، در آخر توانستند به تاج و تخت کل مملکت دست پيدا کنند. اما مسئله جالب، قضايای به قدرت رسيدن دو پادشاه اول ناواره. اينيگو و خيمنو، که احتمالا" پسر عمو بوده اند، در حدود 824 ميلادی شروع می کنند به شورش برضد فرمانروای محلی شهر پامپالونا در شمال اسپانيا که يکی از فرماندارانی بود که از طرف شارلمانی به اين مقام گماشته شده بود.

توی اين شورش، اينيگو و خيمنو از کمک بسيار زياد داماد اينيگو که خودش والی مسلمان شهری در همون نزديکی بوده، برخوردار می شند. اسم اين والی «موسی بن موسی بن فرتون» بوده، از قبيله «بنی قاسی»!!! اگر توجه کنيد، اسم «فرتون» که پدربزرگ اين موسی بوده، کمی عجيبه، همينطور قبيله «بنی قاسی». فرتون يک اسم اسپانياييه که از لاتين مياد، و «قاسی» هم تلفظ عربی اسم لاتين «کاسيوس» بوده! بعد از اينکه اينيگو و خيمنو و موسی موفق می شند فرماندار فرانک رو شکست بدند، اينيگو به عنوان اولين حاکم محلی پامپالونا انتخاب می شه و بعدها، فرزندانش و فرزندان خيمنو تبديل می شند به شاهان ناوار، آراگون، کاستيل، و در آخر اسپانيا و پرتغال!

شايد برای بيشتر مردم اين اصلا" جالب نباشه،اما برای من خيلی باحال و خوندنی بود. اينکه فرزندان يک آدم اسپانيايی/رومی (کاسيوس) مسلمون شده اند و تبديل شده اند به يک قبيله عرب. اينکه يک والی مسلمان با دختر يک اشرافزاده مسيحی ازدواج کرده. اينکه هردو باهم همکاری می کنند که حکومت جديدی رو تشکيل بدند، و در آخر هم در اين حکومت جديد، مسيحی و مسلمان راحت و آسوده با هم زندگی می کنند. حقيقتش اينه که به نظر مياد اين دعوای دينی توی اسپانيا تا صدها سال بعد از اين ماجرا (قرن 14 ميلادی) واقعا" پيش نيومده.

ببخشيد که اگر کسل کننده بود. حالا می تونيد بريد به وبلاگ انگليسيم و نقد منو از آلبوم جديد اوهام بخونيد!

Posted by Khodadad at January 10, 2006 06:26 AM

Comments

My best friend's name is Jose-Maria Nieto Castanon and he is from Asturias (where they think they are Irish...). Anyway, if you write these thoughts in English, I think you could start a nice exchange with him, and he could give you lots of leads, particularly because he keeps saying that he is an Arab... Although my girlfriend who really is an Arab doesn't accept this at all ... Anyway, he is here: http://www.bongobundos.blogs.com
This is Spanish, but there is a link for the English section of the blog as well...
I am surprised you hadn't gotten into Spain, because they seem to be in many ways the mirro image of Persians in relation to Arabs and Islam, but our non Arab, non Islamic part has a much deeper root; whereas as "Chema" tells me, before Arabs' conquest of Iberia, there was no real high culture to speak of, and as far as the Romans were concerned Spain was the most uninteresting governorship to get... As Chema says, before Arabs, they were literally barbarians...

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January 10, 2006

اسپانيای اسلامی

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