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April 11, 2006

اسلام در ايران

اين چند وقته که زياد نمی نوشتم، بيشتر مشغول کار کردن روی دوتا مقاله بودم. يکی در مورد ماليات های جزيه و خراج در اوايل دوره اسلامی، يکی هم در مورد روابط تجاری شاهنشاهی ساسانی و امپراتوری بيزانس در قرن ششم ميلادی.

چيزهايی که در مراحل مختلف نوشتن يادگرفتم خيلی زيادند.از مقاله اولی ياد گرفتم که بخشايش ماليات جزيه به کسانی که مسلمون می شدند در اوايل دوره اسلامی وجود نداشته، اينکه طرز محاسبه و پرداخت ماليات خراج چطوری بوده، و اينکه صلحنامه ها چطور نوشته می شدند.

از مقاله دوم هم ياد گرفتم که اقتصاد اواخر دوره ساسانی در حال رشد و گسترش بوده، در حالی که اقتصاد بيزانس در حال عقب نشينی و پس رفت بوده. تجارت و کشاورزی در منطقه شمال عراق و سوريه خيلی نزديک به شرايط اقتصادی ايران بوده و قبايل مختلف عربی که در منطقه سوريه و اردن زندگی می کردند، از اين گسترش اقتصادی خيلی استفاده کردند و شايد بشه گفت مقداری از خرج فتوحات صدر اسلام از کيسه اين عرب ها رفته.

اما دو نکته بخصوص برام خيلی جالب بودند. يکی اينکه چقدر قبايل شمال شبه جزيره عربستان به دولت ساسانی نزديک بودند و در عمليات نظامی ساسانی عليه بيزانس شرکت می کردند، و ديگه اينکه بخش اعظم جمعيت ايران، برخلاف چيزی که شايد بيشتر ايرانی ها تصور می کنند، تا حدود 150 سال بعد از اسلام هنوز مسلمون نشده بودند! اولی به اين موضوع کمک می کنه که شرايط داخلی شاهنشاهی ساسانی در دوره قبل از اسلام بسنجيم و متوجه بشيم که عرب ها کاملا" هم ناآشنا با شرايط ساسانيان نبودند، و دومی هم مسئله جالبيه که بايد مورد توجه اکثر کسانی باشه که به شرايط مسلمان شدن ايران علاقه مند هستند.

اما غير از همه اينها، يک مطلب اصلی توجهم رو جلب کرد: اينکه چقدر منابع در مورد تاريخ اين دوره (صدسال آخر دوره ساسانی و اوايل دوره اسلامی) به زبان فارسی کم هستند. مقالات و کتاب هايی که در اين مورد نوشته شده اند به فارسی ترجمه نشده اند و اکثر کارهايی که در اين مورد موجود هستند، يا از ديدگاه مذهبی نوشته شده اند يا از ديد ضد دينی و وطنپرستانه.

به هر حال، اگر اينجا زياد نمی نويسم برای اينه که سرم شلوغ نوشتن و خوندنه و شديد دارم از اين عالم بی خبری و غرق شدن در کتاب هام لذت می برم.

Posted by Khodadad at April 11, 2006 08:40 AM

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April 11, 2006

اسلام در ايران

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